CCU Final Test

 Name : Sri Intan Lisma Putri

NIM : 1888203020

CCU Final Test

1.     In understanding foreign cultures, someone needs to understand well the cultures to avoid cultural       conflicts. But, many people are failed to understand the values and customs of foreign cultures. According to your own idea, please explain what do you need to have to understand foreign cultures in order to avoid cultural conflicts.

Answer :

Culture is very diverse, namely in terms of local culture and foreign culture. So, in my opinion, understanding foreign cultures to avoid conflict is that we must know the cultures that are applied to foreign cultures in terms of communication and behavior. Intercultural communication teaches us how to communicate with people who have different cultures from us. The reason is by studying intercultural communication, we can more easily adapt, expand relationships, add insight into other cultures and also avoid conflicts between cultures.

2.     How do you define your local cultural is different from foreign culture? Do youthink local and foreign cultures need to be integrated? Please provide your reasons

Answer :

Culture in our area or country, Indonesia is very different from foreign cultures. starting from the language used, accent, how to speak, how to dress and also behave. So in my opinion, local and foreign cultures do not need to be integrated in order to avoid distortion in the environment. However, we must understand and respect the cultural diversity of each region or country.

3.     What is stereotype and prejuice? Does it exist in your local culture? Give example?

Answer :

-        Stereotypes

One of the assumptions made by people in all cultures regarding groups of members of other cultures

Ex: Chinese people are hard workers.

-        Assessment of positive or negative attitudes of a group or individual based primarily on group membership

Ex: Rich kids are usually spoiled

IMAlT Final Test

 Name : Sri Intan Lisma Putri

NIM : 1888203020

IMALT Final Test

1.     What is media in teaching? How many teaching media types do you know. Explain

Answer:

-        Media is technique, method in teaching and learning process. In other word, media is all aids/tools which may be used by teacher and learner to attain certain education objectives.

-        Media have 4 type

-        Video is an electronic medium that is able to combine audio and visual technology together to produce a dynamic and attractive presentation.

-        Audio is a medium whose message content is only received through the sense of hearing.

-        Multimedia is a medium or media that combines text, images, audio, video, and animation

-        Visual media is a teaching aid used by teachers in teaching and learning processes so that it can be enjoyed by students through sight or the five senses of the eye.

 

2.     Why teacher needs media in teaching?

Answer :

In my opinion, the reason teachers really need learning media in the teaching and learning process is because the teacher's ability to teach cannot fully be able to make students understand in learning. Because the abilities of each student are different, there are those who record when gru explains, when the teacher only provides writing and so on. This learning media can also eliminate students' saturation with the diversity of media, both in the form of videos which will be shown a film to students as one of the learning materials. And this will make it easy for students to understand the material presented.

3.     What are the criteria of good teaching media

Answer :

-        Purpose of selecting media

-        Media Characteristics

-        The selected learning media tool.

4.     Do you think that the teaching media needs to be developed? Why

Answer :

Yes, with this learning media, students are increasingly interested in participating in teaching and learning activities. Make it easier for students to receive and remember information. And overcome the minimum space, time, and costs.

CCU (MID TEST) SRI INTAN LISMA PUTRI 5.1

 Name: Sri Intan Lismia Putr

NIM: 1888203020

Class: 5.1

QUESTIONS

1. Please answer the questions below briefly:

1. Give your own idea/opinions about:

a.  Culture

In my opinion culture is a pattern of community behavior that is carried out from generation to generation in which there are beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs

b. Interculture

In my opinion, interculture is communication between two different cultures that aims to convey a certain message or meaning

c. Cross culture

In my opinion cross culture is often used to describe a situation when a culture meets and interacts with other different cultures, both of which can have a positive impact or vice versa on a person.

d. Multiculture

describe a person's view of various life on earth, or policies that emphasize the acceptance of cultural diversity, and the various cultural (multicultural) values ​​of the people, systems, cultures, customs, and politics they hold.

2. Give one example of cultural conflict and offer the solution for its adjustment!

Lampung is a province located at the tip of the Sumatra Islands. The conflict that occurred around 2017 involved the people of North Lampung and South Lampung.

This conflict was triggered by cultural differences. This conflict is serious enough and has even attracted the attention of local and national media as examples of violations of democracy.

The big conflict that occurred between South Lampung and North Lampung occurred in the Kalianda area. Judging from the cause, the Lampung case can be said to be classic to some extent.

Although some circles see the conflict between villages in Lampung as having nothing to do with ethnicity issues, ignoring this factor is also not quite right, considering that in plain view the parties in the conflict have a relationship with the 2 ethnicities involved, namely the Lampung and the Balinese.

its adjustments

1.    Perform Coercion

2.    Make a compromise

3.    Conducting Arbitration

4.    Perform Mediation

5.    The existence of tolerance, etc.

3. How do you define:

a. Mosaic

 A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.

b. Melting pot

melting pot is the joining of 2 or more different cultures into one or more easily rural communities have changed to become more modern because there are foreign cultural influences, it causes disharmony in the previous rural culture.

c. Stereotype

Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.

d. Prejudice

Prejudice refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group. A prejudice is not based on experience; instead, it is a prejudgment, originating outside actual experience

IMALT QUIZ AND TASK 1

 Nama : Sri Intan Lisma Putri

NIM : 1888203020

Courses : IMALT

1. Why is media an effective pathway for communication?

a. Media holds your students' attention and makes challenging subjects more understandable.

b. Using media is like listening to a lecture.

c. Media takes less time to implement.

d. can use media instead of tests.

2. Where can you find videos on most any subject imaginable?

a. ITunes

b. YouTube and Ted.com

c. Yahoo.com

d. Facebook

3. What kind of media can you use if you want students to document their experiences on a field trip?

a. CD

b. maps

c. video

d. audio books

TASK 1

Questions and Answers:

1.The Definition of Media (Give your own definitions of media!)

In my opinion, the media is a tool that delivers information quickly and widely, even to rural areas to get information through the media. In this day and age it seems that life cannot be avoided from the media, even children and parents can use sophisticated media. Media is very useful for everyone, because whatever information we are looking for is definitely available in the media.

2.Offline  Media in ELT and its research findings (Find three articles about offline media in ELT!)

1. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/L-E/article/view/4611

Article: The Use Of Animated Video In Improving Students' Reading Skill

2. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/217641-the-implementation-of-visual-printed-med.pdf

Article: The Implementation Of Visual Printed Media In English Language Teaching

3. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/selt/article/view/6991

Article: Bilingual offline game-based teaching media for science subject

3.Online Media in ELT and its research findings (Find three articles about online media in ELT!)

1. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/jelt/article/view/1281

Article: The use of cartoon movie as a media in teaching vocabulary to young learners

2. http://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/loquen/article/download/685/567/

Article: The Implementation Of “Whatsapp” As A Media Of English Language Teaching

3. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/ELLIC/article/download/3531/3346

Article: Blended Learning Using Schoology As An Online Learning Platform

4.Current Research on ICT in ELT (What can you draw for the current research trend in media of ELT ?)

Anyone who has lived through the past decade of technological developments will know how quickly our world is changing. what happens outside our teaching contexts will end up having an impact on what we do inside our classrooms, schools and colleges. Now ICT is being used in all the aspects of education. Use of computers, Internet, television, radio, projectors and mobile phones, e-mail facility, online audio and video conferencing as well as new applications has made the Teaching Learning Process and Training interesting and convenient. It is also helpful in saving time, energy and money. So, we can say that ICT is playing the most important and pivotal role in Teaching Learning Process. Hence it is also playing an important role in the learning of language, especially English Language Learning.

5.The Advantages of ICT in ELT (Define some advantages of ICT in ELT)

The advantages of ICT usage in ELT:

1. Books have a fixed presentation, but computers can combine visual with listening materials, text with graphics and pictures.
 2.  A teacher can use different materials for each lesson, not like in teaching with textbooks, where all classes presenting a certain topic are the same.
 3.  Computers  provide  a  fast  feedback  to  students`  answers  through  error correction. It not only spots the mistake but also corrects it, sometimes even giving the appropriate advice.
 4.  Computer programmes can be adapted by teachers to suit their  students` needs and level of language knowledge. Unlike books, which are produced in a  single uniform  format  and need  to be  taught irrespectively  of  students` problems,  computer programmes are more learner- friendly.

The effective use of ICT impacts on learners and various aspects of the learning process can be summarized as follows:

- ICT increases learners’ motivation and thus enhances personal commitment and engagement
- ICT improves independent learning
- Learners’ collaboration and communication are more important
- Learners’ attainment and outcomes are improved.

 

6.Possible  SPACE for Research (Try to find the possible topic for research of media ICT in ELT)

    1. Creating and Sharing Content
    2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) 

    3. Augmented and virtual reality (Google Cardboard)

7.Concluding Remarks (make a conclusion from your own reading materials)

The most important of media is as a channel to convey information or learning material verbally (lectures) and stimulate attention and activate students. Delivering material verbally can make students bored quickly, this is because the teacher delivers each topic monotonously. In addition, it makes students tend to be passive, teacher and student interactions are only carried out in one direction.

Sri Intan Lisma Putri (Group 2)

 

Essay Writing

Corona Virus Jail

It’s impossible to find a person who hasn’t heard of the coronavirus outbreak. The outbreak has created a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives.  Indonesia citizens are also struggling from this disease, and, to date, there is more than 56.300 of confirmed cases. According to the official statistics, many people have died worldwide, and the number continues to grow. Economic considerations are always important for governments when taking any action, including in the current fight to contain the threat of the coronavirus pandemic. But governments should not let economics become the prime driver, especially if it means risking people’s health and lives, which are far more important than their livelihoods.
The argument against lockdowns is that it could grind the economy, which is already slowing down, to a complete halt, with severe political and social consequences.

The specter of the 1998 economic recession, followed by mass riots, political crisis and the collapse of the Soeharto regime, is being played out again. This is probably why Jokowi entrusts the handling of the coronavirus mostly to military types and less to public health professionals. He sees the coronavirus through economic and security prisms. The actions the President advocates are likely to have minimal effect on curtailing the spread of the virus, if we go by the experiences of China, Italy, Iran and many European countries where COVID-19 has been most severe. Rather than outright instructions, he limited himself to appealing to people to consider working, studying, and praying at home. He also appealed to people to avoid mass gatherings.

Unfortunately, as soon as Jakarta announced on the weekend that schools were to be closed, many families headed to the Puncak hill resort area and many others headed to their hometowns, apparently considering the situation an opportunity for a vacation. Many domestic flights remained full these past weeks. Clearly the government’s coronavirus message has not fully sunk in for people to feel any sense of real crisis. Mere appeals will not cut it. People will still travel rather than stay home and if they have it will spread the virus multiple times to others along the way. Most schools have heeded the appeal but many employers are divided, with many companies staying open if only to ensure steady income for their workers even if business is slow.

Critics of lockdowns rightly point out that 55 percent of workers in Indonesia have no steady income as they are in the informal sector and a lockdown would mean the loss of their livelihoods. They would be severely hit by a lockdown. The economy is already going down, with or without lockdowns, but failing to curtail people’s movement would mean more people getting infected and even dying. Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo, Jokowi’s political ally, got it right when he said, as quoted in Tempo daily: “We need to save people’s lives to keep the economy running. If economics remain our focus, everything will die.” Yes, there will be severe economic hardships and the question is: How do we handle this?

Sri Mulyani expressed confidence that Indonesia can draw lessons from the 1998 economic recession to weather this coming crisis. Lest Jokowi forget, Indonesia has also learned valuable lessons in running social safety net programs for us to be able to deal with the next economic and social hardships.

Indonesia has the necessary administrative infrastructure, with neighborhood and community associations everywhere ready to run the social safety net programs. Jokowi of all people should have confidence in the gotong-royong (mutual assistance) spirit of our people. But isn’t a lockdown going to be expensive? Yes, but that’s your economic argument again. Indonesia may soon find that the costs of failing to take swift action to stop the COVID-9 spread now could be even more prohibitive.

Going by other countries’ experiences, there are alternatives to lockdowns in stopping the spread of the coronavirus, but the only viable option for Indonesia at this stage is a lockdown. It’s not too late.

Sri Intan Lisma Putri (Hoax)

Topic : Hoax
Thesis Statement : The number of hoax spreaders in Indonesia makes people deceived and always be on lookout for positive things.
Tittle : Hoax slave us!

Body 1 : Got news from on obscure source.
Body 2 : Prohibit their people to things that are not true.
Body 3 : Spread via social media


          Information or content posted on the Internet is not necessarily true. Yet, in fact, some of us still love to spread news that is from an unreliable source, and the truth can't be accounted for.

          People who believe in hoaxes forbid most people close to them from doing positive and untrue things. As there is hoax news that sausages are made from rat meat and they forbid their people to eat sausages in Indonesia. Even though Indonesian sausages have passed the MUI halal certificate. We are like enslaved by hoaxes, what we see, we always justify it and do things that are not important.

          In the era of social media like today, the distribution of hoaxes (hoax news) has become something very serious. The impact can disrupt society, not only in cyberspace, but also in real life. Many bad cases that occur due to hoaxes, because many individuals who deliberately use hoaxes as their weapons of war. Especially in the current political year. Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram are the platforms most widely used to spread hoaxes.

Conclusion :  We must find a clear source, not personally distributed and always be aware of hoaxes.

PHONETICS MAKES YOU HAPPY

Hallo Friends around the world! Nah disini saya akan membahasa tentang "Phonetic" nih guys! semoga bermanfaat yah

What is Phonetics?

Phonetic adalah ilmu yang membahas bagaimana suatu suara bisa terbentuk menggunakan beberapa bagian tubuh yaitu bibir, gigi, lidah, faring dan paru-paru. Ilmu ini hanya membahas mengenai hubungan antar bagian tubuh yang menghasilkan suara. Untuk pembentukan sebuah bahasa, produksi hingga persepsi suara akan dipelajari di ilmu yang satu ini. Di dalam mempelajari ilmu phonetic, Kalian akan mengenal 3 jenis phonetic di antaranya articulatory phonetic yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari jalannya suara terbentuk, auditory phonetic yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari suatu bahasa diterima oleh pendengar dan acoustic phonetic.

Nah asik juga nih guys kalo belajar tentang "Phonetics", materinya membahas tentang yang berhubungan sama suara gitu, sepertinya cocok ya untuk kalian yang suka menyanyi hihihi

Dalam ilmu yang satu ini, Kalian akan mempelajari mengenai manner of articulation dan place of articulation. Place of articulation dibagi menjadi enam yaitu bilabial, labiodentals, dental, pabial, velar, glottal. Pengucapan secara voiced dan voiceless juga dibahas di dalam ilmu ini.

Okay, kita mulai dari seorang ahli yang bernama Hari Murti Kridalaksana dalam kamus Linguisticsnya, beliau menyampaikan bahwa Phonetics merupakan :

- ilmu yang menyelidiki penghasilan, penyampaian dan penerimaan bunyi bahasa, ilmu interdisipliner linguistik dengan fisika anatomi dan psikologi.

- sistem bunyi bahasa.

Peter Roach, Phonetics

"transcription, phonetics. The representing of speech in written form by the use of phonetic symbol"

William O'Grady, Contemporary Linguistics, An Introduction

"Articulatory phonetic: One way studies the physiological mechanisn of speech production"

Wah susah juga ya guys memahami pendapat dari ahli, itu sih kalau aku hehe, kalau kalian bagaimana???

Ilmu ini hanya membahas mengenai hubungan antar bagian tubuh yang menghasilkan suara. Untuk pembentukkan sebuah bahasa, produksi hingga persepsi suara akan dipelajari diilmu yang satu ini.

Phonetics mempunyai 3 bagian penting dalam pembahasanya, yaitu :

1.    Articulatory Phonetics

Articulatory ini adalah ilmu yang mempelajari jalannya suara terbentuk menggunakan beberapa bagian tubuh. Kalian masih ingat tidak di pelajaran Pronounciation kita sudah belajar tentang Organ of Speech. Nah jadi, articulatory ini ada kaitanya dengan Organ of Speech.

Organ of Speech ini merupakan organ yang menghasilkan suatu bunyi yang dibahas di Phonology.

2.   Auditory Phonetics

Auditory ini membahas tentang suatu bahasa diterima oleh pendengar

3.   Acoustics Phonetics

Membahas tentang suatu ilmu yang menanggapi bunyi ucapan

Didalam fonetik terdapat segmentasi bunyi. Apasih segmentasi itu? Segmentasi adalah bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh pernapasa, alay ucap dan pita suara (Masnur,2003)

Segmentasi ini ada 4 macam, yaitu konsonan, vocal, diphtong dan kluster.

1.    Konsonan

Konsonan merupakan huruf-huruf mati. Seperti p,t,k,b,d,g (untuk lebih lengkap lagi silahkan lihat ke phonetic symbol di akhir artikel ini)

2.   Vocal

Vocal merupakan huruf-huruf hidup hidup. Seperti a,i,u,e,o

3.   Diphtong

Diphtong merupakan 2 suara atau gabungan vocal satu dengan yang lain yang dibunyikan bersama. Seperti ai,ie,ou,ue,oi,au

4.   Kluster

Kluster merupakan huruf-huruf rangkap konsonan yang dibaca satu dan bersama

Seperti sl (sleep), gl (gleam), kl (klop) bl (blue),etc

PHONETICS SYMBOL

Untuk mengucapkan bahasa Inggris ada baiknya kita sedikit mempelajari ilmu fonetik bahasa Inggris. Cara tersingkat adalah dengan kita membaca petunjuk phonetic symbol pada kamus. Sebenarnya setiap kamus standar telah memiliki informasi atau penjelasan yang mengenai bagaimana kata-kata yang ada didalamnya diucapkan. Biasanya dalam bab-bab yang membahas tentang pengucapan. penulis atau pengarang kamus telah menyediakan sebuha daftar simbol untuk membantu pelajar bahasa Inggris menghasilkan suara kata-kata bahasa Inggris yang termuat didalam kamus tersebut. simbol-simbol itu disebut The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) atau sederhananya disebut Phonetics Symbol. dalam Cambridge Dictionary Phonetics Symbol sebagai berikut :

Vowels

Long Vowels iː sheep ɑː farm uː coo ɔː horse ɜː bird

Short Vowels ɪ ship e head æ hat ə above ʊ foot ɚ mother (US) ɒ sock (UK) ɝ worm (US) ʌ cup

Consonants

Voiced b book d day ɡ give v very ð the z zoo ʒ vision dʒ jump l look r run j yes w we m moon n name ŋ sing

Voiceless p pen t town k cat f fish θ think s say ʃ she tʃ cheese

Diphthongs

eɪ	day
aɪ	eye
ɔɪ	boy
aʊ	mouth
əʊ	nose (UK)
oʊ	nose (US)
ɪə	ear (UK)
eə	hair (UK)
ʊə	pure (UK)

Wah gimana guysss?? Menarikkan belajar tentang "Phonetics"?? Kalau kalian suka boleh komen ya guys biar aku makin semangat buat tentang "Phonetics" hehe, kalau kalian gak suka boleh kasi saran dan kritik ya guys :) terimakasih buat yang udah mau baca blog aku, SEE YAA!!

KEEP HAPPY

SRI INTAN

Hallo friends around the world! blog saya kali ini adalah tentang Linguistik. Silah kan dibaca yaa, semoga bermanfaat ilmunyaa 🤗

A. Pengertian Linguistik
                Kata linguistik berasal dari bahasa latin lingua yang berarti ’bahasa’. Linguistik adalah ilmu tentang bahasa atau ilmu yang menjadikan bahasa sebagai objek kajiannya. Dalam bahasa Perancis ada tiga istilah untuk menyebut bahasa yaitu:

·         Langue: suatu bahasa tertentu.

·         Langage: bahasa secara umum.

·         Parole: bahasa dalam wujud yang nyata yaitu berupa ujaran.

                Ilmu linguistik sering juga disebut linguistik umum (general linguistics). Artinya, ilmu linguistik tidak hanya mengkaji sebuah bahasa saja, melainkan mengkaji seluk beluk bahasa pada umumnya, yang dalam peristilahan Perancis disebut langage. Pakar linguistik disebut linguis. Bapak Linguistik modern adalah Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). Bukunya tentang bahasa berjudul Course de Linguistique Generale yang diterbitkan pertama kali tahun 1916.

                Dalam dunia keilmuan, tidak hanya linguistik saja yang mengambil bahasa sebagai objek kajiannya. Ilmu atau disiplin lain yang juga mengkaji bahasa diantaranya: ilmu susastra, ilmu sosial (sosiologi), psikologi, dan fisika. Yang membedakan linguistik dengan ilmu-ilmu tersebut adalah pendekatan terhadap objek kajiannya yaitu bahasa. Ilmu susastra mendekati bahasa sebagai wadah seni. Ilmu sosial mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai alat interaksi sosial di dalam masyarakat. Psikologi mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai pelahiran kejiwaan. Fisika mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai fenomena alam. Sedangkan linguistik mendekati dan memandang bahasa sebagai bahasa atau wujud bahasa itu sendiri.

Keilmiahan Linguistik
                Pada dasarnya, setiap ilmu termasuk linguistik mengalami tiga tahap perkembangan yaitu:
Tahap pertama, yakni tahap spekulasi. Dalam tahap ini pembicaraan mengenai sesuatu dan cara mengambil kesimpulan dilakukan dengan spekulatif. Artinya, kesimpulan itu dibuat tanpa didukung oleh bukti-bukti empiris dan dilakukan tanpa menggunakan prosedur-prosedur tertentu. Dalam studi bahasa dulu orang mengira bahwa semua bahasa di dunia diturunkan dari bahasa Ibrani, Adam dan Hawa memakai bahasa Ibrani di Taman Firdaus, dan Tuhan berbicara dalam bahasa Swedia. Semuanya itu hanyalah spekulasi yang pada zaman sekarang sukar diterima.

Tahap kedua, yakni tahap observasi dan klasifikasi. Pada tahap ini para ahli bahasa baru mengumpulkan dan menggolongkan segala fakta bahasa dengan teliti tanpa memberi teori atau membuat kesimpulan.

Tahap ketiga, yakni tahap perumusan teori. Pada tahap ini setiap disiplin ilmu berusaha memahami masalah-masalah dasar dan mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai masalah-masalah itu berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan. Kemudian dirumuskan hipotesis yang berusaha menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan itu, dan menyusun tes untuk menguji hipotesis terhadap fakta yang ada.
Linguistik telah mengalami tiga tahapan tersebut sehingga dapat dikatakan linguistik merupakan kegiatan ilmiah.

 

B. Subdisiplin Linguistik
Subdisiplin linguistik dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan:

1. objek kajiannya adalah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu,
2. objek kajiannya adalah bahasa pada masa tertentu atau bahasa sepanjang masa, 
3. objek kajiannya adalah struktur internal bahasa itu atau bahasa itu dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai faktor di luar bahasa,
4. tujuan pengkajiannya apakah untuk keperluan teori atau untuk terapan, dan
5. teori atau aliran yang digunakan untuk menganalisis objeknya.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya, Apakah Bahasa pada Umumnya atau Bahasa Tertentu
                Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik umum dan linguistik khusus. Linguistik umum adalah linguistik yang berusaha mengkaji kaidah-kaidah bahasa secara umum. Linguistik khusus berusaha mengkaji kaidah bahasa yang berlaku pada bahasa tertentu.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya, Apakah Bahasa pada Masa Tertentu atau Bahasa Sepanjang Masa
                Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan adanya linguistik sinkronik (linguistik deskriptif) dan linguistik diakronik (linguistik historis komparatif). Linguistik sinkronik mengkaji bahasa pada masa tertentu. 

                Misalnya, mengkaji bahasa Indonesia pada tahun dua puluhan atau mengkaji bahasa Inggris pada zaman William Shakespeare. Linguistik diakronik berupaya mengkaji bahasa pada masa yang tidak terbatas; bisa sejak awal kelahiran bahasa itu sampai masa sekarang. Tujuan linguistik diakronik adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah struktural bahasa itu dengan segala bentuk perubahan dan perkembangannya.

Berdasarkan Objek Kajiannya adalah Struktur Internal Bahasa itu atau Bahasa itu dalam Kaitannya dengan Berbagai Faktor di Luar Bahasa
                Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik mikro (mikrolinguistik) dan linguistik makro (makrolinguistik). Linguistik mikro mengarahkan kajiannya pada struktur internal bahasa. Dalam linguistik mikro ada beberapa subdisiplin yaitu:

• teori atau aliran yang digunakan untuk menganalisis objeknya.

·         Morfologi: menyelidiki tentang morfem.

• Sintaksis: menyelidiki tentang satuan-satuan kata.
• Semantik: menyelidiki makna bahasa.
• Leksikologi: menyelidiki leksikon atau kosakata.

Linguistik makro menyelidiki bahasa dalam kaitannya dengan faktor-faktor di luar bahasa. Subdisiplin-subdisiplin linguistik makro antara lain:

·      Sosiolinguistik: mempelajari bahasa dalam hubungan pemakaian di masyarakat. 

·      Psikolinguistik: mempelajari hubungan bahasa dengan perilaku dana kal budi manusia.

·      Antropolinguistik: mempelajari hubungan bahasa dengan budaya.

·      Filsafat bahasa: mempelajari kodrat hakiki dan kedudukan bahasa sebagai kegiatan manusia.

·      Stilistika: mempelajari bahasa dalam karya sastra.

·      Filologi: mempelajari bahasa, kebudayaan, pranata, dan sejarah suatu bangsa sebagaimana terdapat dalam bahan tertulis.

·      Dialektologi: mempelajari batas-batas dialek dan bahasa dalam suatu wilayah.

Berdasarkan Tujuan Pengkajiannya Apakah untuk Keperluan Teori atau Untuk Terapan
                Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi linguistik teoritis dan linguistik terapan. Linguistik teoritis berusaha mengadakan penyelidikan bahasa hanya untuk menemukan kaidah-kaidah yang berlaku dalam objek kajiannya itu. Jadi, kegiatannya hanya untuk kepentingan teori belaka. Linguistik terapan berusaha mengadakan penyelidikan bahasa untuk kepentingan memecahkan masala-masalah praktis yang terdapat dalam masyarakat. Misalnya, untuk pengajaran bahasa, penyusunan kamus, dan pemahaman karya sastra. 
Berdasarkan Teori atau Aliran yang Digunakan untuk Menganalisis Objeknya
Berdasarkan objek kajiannya, apakah bahasa pada umumnya atau bahasa tertentu linguistik dapat dibedakan menjadi tradisional, linguistik struktural, linguistik tranformasional, linguistik generatif semantik, linguistik relasional, dan linguistik sistemik.

 

C. Manfaat Linguisik
Linguistik memberi manfaat langsung kepada orang yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan bahasa seperti linguis, guru bahasa, penerjemah, penyusun kamus, penyusun buku teks, dan politikus. Manfaat linguistik diantaranya:

• Linguis: membantu menyelesaikan dan melaksanakan tugasnya dalam penyelidikan bahasa. 
• Guru bahasa: melatih dan mengajarkan keterampilan berbahasa.
• Penerjemah: membantu dalam mendapatkan hasil terjemahan yang baik.
• Penyusun kamus: membantu dalam menyusun kamus yang lengkap dan baik.
• Penyusun buku teks: membantu dalam memilih kata dan menyusun kalimat yang tepat.
• Politikus: membantu dalam aktivitasnya berkomunikasi dengan orang banyak.

Sekian dulu blog dari saya yaa, kalau ada yang kurang mohon dimaafkan mungkin bisa cari kekurangannya di blog-blog yang lain huehehe ✌🏽